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Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro. June 22 '05 Amphibians

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#1 of 2

     Posted 6/24/05 2:56 AM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198179.1 ]    

What do you think is causing the unexplained extinctions of amphibians?

Amphibians




Amphibians are cold-blooded (ectothermic) vertebrates such as frogs, newts, toads, salamanders (for example the North American "mudpuppy") and caecilians (similar in appearance to earthworms). There are 5,743 known species of amphibians. Most live on land but breed in water. All spend at least part of their lifecycle in water, unlike reptiles.

The female amphibian lays soft eggs in water where they are fertilized by the males. These develop into young which live in water and can be quite different to the adults, like tadpoles.

Amphibians have porous skins. They prefer particular types of habitats, with most (almost 5,000) preferring forests. They eat insects and small animals.

Last October the Global Amphibian Assessment issued a study showing a marked increase in the decline and extinction of amphibian species. 32.5% of amphibian species are threatened, between 34 and 168 may be extinct, and at least 43% are declining in population. Some of the declines are due to habitat loss or pollution and some to a fungal disease, but the reason for many others is not known. It may be that the sensitivity of their skin makes them more sensitive to environmental changes (pollution and climate change), just as canaries were more sensitive to dangerous gasses in mines. In some regions frogs and salamanders are showing a lot of deformities.

Extinction of frogs is catastrophic, scientists say

Frogs and toads are becoming extinct at a catastrophic rate. A traditional source of food, medicine and poison for arrows for Ecuador's Indians, scientists have begun to discover potent medicines in them. For example epibatidine, derived from a venom, has been developed into a pain killer 200 times more powerful than morphine, but without its side effects; it is not yet on the market. Five amphibians have become extinct in since 1980, and at least 40 percent are threatened with extinction.

Recent news stories involving amphibians include:

Please see the following message for the remaining stories.

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues
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#2 of 2

     Posted 6/24/05 2:57 AM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198179.2 Message 198179.2 replying to 198179.1 198179.1 ]    

Other Stories

Senate debates mandatory emissions cuts,
Senate Backs Regulators on Energy Plan,
Bush: U.S. Needs More Nuclear Power Plants,
Senate Endorses Bush Policy on Climate

Whilst supporting proposals for tax incentives and voluntary reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the White House and the U.S. Senate are opposed to mandatory reductions, which have been proposed as part of the Energy bill. A vote is scheduled Thursday to limit debate on the entire energy bill.

The Senate voted 52-45 against an amendment to give states more say in siting of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals - the bill gives the final say to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Other proposals considered unlikely to be approved are a requirement for automakers to increase their vehicles' fuel economy and one requiring industry to reduce the greenhouse gas pollution which causes global warming.

President Bush promotes the construction of nuclear power plants to take the heat off of fossil fuels, although even he admits it would not reduce gasoline prices for some time. He believes that mandatory limits of greenhouse gases could cripple the economy and lead to higher energy prices.

Probable Case of West Nile Virus Reported

A 51-year-old resident of Kansas is believed to have had West Nile virus. If confirmed, this would be the first case this year, although it has been found in animals in 14 states.

G8 decision on fusion would herald nuclear future

The G8 meeting next month may decide on the site for the world's first nuclear fusion test reactor, called ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). Members France and Japan have been competing for the construction phase of the project.

Japan hit for trying to widen scientific whale hunt

Japan wants to expand its "scientific" whaling, but the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has voted to urge Tokyo to cut it. Japan is considering whether to leave the IWC.

U.S. Hazelnut Growers Look for Consumers

Americans eat few hazelnuts (filberts) - less than one ounce a year each compared to the German's 4.4 pounds a year. Americans eat peanuts instead. One problem putting off buyers as that hazelnuts generally alternate between good harvests and poor ones, but Turkey could pick up the slack. Americans already like hazelnut-flavored coffee (though the flavouring is artificial) and Nutella (chocolate and hazelnut spread).

Pentagon Refuses Test for Toxic Chemical

The Pentagon sometimes refused to test for toxic perchlorate when environmental regulators said such tests were needed according to a General Accountability Office (GAO) report. It was found in at least 395 sites in 35 states. The Defense Department criticized the report.

Anatahan Volcano North of Saipan Rumbles

The Anatahan Volcano north of Saipan in the Northern Marianas about 3,800 miles southwest of Hawaii has been erupting since May 2003, and the latest rumblings have created a cloud of ash and steam 10,000 feet high and spreading 815 nautical miles northwest.

U.S. indicts two Brazilians in nun's murder

The U.S. has indicted two Brazilians who are facing charges in Brazil already for the murder of Sister Dorothy Stang, a Catholic nun who advocated land reform and peasants' rights in Brazil.

South Asia heat wave kills at least 375

A month-long heat wave in South Asia has caused the deaths of at least 375 people in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Temperatures have reached 50 degrees Celsius (122 Fahrenheit).

South China flooding, landslides kill more than 44

Over 100,000 residents of Wuzhou on the Xijiang River were evacuated as the river reached 8m higher than the warning level. Heavy rains have caused landslides and floods that have killed many people in China this month and cut the Beijing-Kowloon railway line. Much of northern China is enduring a heat wave, however.


What do you think is causing the unexplained extinctions of amphibians?

[Views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of CompuServe, Netscape, any government, agency, or news organization. External Websites are "At Your Own Risk," and no endorsement is expressed or implied.]

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
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Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro. June 22 '05 Amphibians

  
 
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